この / その / あの + Noun
Learn how to modify nouns using the demonstrative adjectives 'kono', 'sono', and 'ano' to specify objects near you, near the listener, or far from both.
Identifying Objects
Imagine you are at a stationery store. You want to ask about a specific pen, but there are many pens on the counter. You need a way to point to the one you are interested in.
The Structure
To modify a noun, use 'kono', 'sono', or 'ano' directly before the noun.
Tip
Examples
See how these demonstratives function in sentences.
この本は私のです。
This book is mine.
その傘は誰のですか。
Whose umbrella is that (near you)?
あの車は新しいです。
That car (over there) is new.
Which word would you use to describe a pen held by the person you are talking to?
- kore
- kono
- ✓ sono
- ano
Use 'sono' when the object is near the listener.
Nuance and Comparison
Understanding the difference between standalone pronouns and noun modifiers.
Pronoun vs. Modifier
kore (これ)
Standalone pronoun: 'This thing'
kono (この)
Noun modifier: 'This [noun]'
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
- Kono wa watashi no desu.
- ✓ Kore wa watashi no desu.
'Kono' must be followed by a noun. 'Kore' can stand alone.
Deep Dive: Psychological Distance
Beyond physical location, these words can indicate psychological distance.
Recap
Use 'kono', 'sono', and 'ano' to specify nouns based on their distance from the speaker and listener. Remember: they must always be followed by a noun!