Formal Keigo Lesson 1
An introduction to the fundamental structure of Japanese honorifics (Keigo), focusing on the distinction between Sonkeigo (respectful) and Kenjougo (humble) language.
Entering the Business World
In Japanese business settings, your choice of language is just as important as your professional attire. Using standard polite language (Teineigo) is a great start, but to show true professionalism and respect to clients or superiors, you must master the Keigo system.
The Keigo Framework
Keigo is categorized into three main types. Understanding the 'direction' of the action is the key to choosing the right form.
- Sonkeigo (Respectful): Used to elevate the listener or a third party. You use this when talking about the actions of your boss or client. 2. Kenjougo (Humble): Used to lower yourself. You use this when talking about your own actions to show humility. 3. Teineigo (Polite): The standard 'desu/masu' form used to maintain a polite distance.
Watch out
Examples in Practice
Here are common verb transformations for these categories.
部長が来られます。
The manager is coming. (Respectful)
私が伺います。
I will visit. (Humble)
お客様が【お待ちです】。
Hint: Use the respectful form of 'wait' (matsu).
The customer is waiting. (Respectful)
Choosing the Right Level
Register is determined by the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
Politeness Levels
Teineigo
Standard polite, used with colleagues.
行きます
Sonkeigo
High respect, used for superiors.
いらっしゃいます
Which form should you use when talking about your own actions to a client?
- Sonkeigo
- ✓ Kenjougo
- Teineigo
Kenjougo (Humble) is used to lower yourself when speaking to someone of higher status.
Advanced Nuance: The 'O' Prefix
Many nouns and verbs in Keigo are preceded by 'o' or 'go'.
Lesson Recap
Mastering Keigo requires practice in identifying who the subject of the sentence is. Always remember: Respect others, humble yourself.