N2#keigo#business#politeness#n2

Formal Keigo Lesson 5

Mastering the advanced honorifics and humble expressions used in professional Japanese business settings.

Context

The Business Environment

In a professional Japanese office, you are often required to speak with clients or superiors. Using standard polite language (teineigo) is a good start, but to show true professional respect, you must master the distinction between Sonkeigo (honorific) and Kenjougo (humble) verbs.

Imagine you are meeting a client to discuss a contract. If you simply say 'I will read the document,' you sound like a peer. To show proper respect, you must elevate the client's actions and humble your own. This lesson explores the specific verbs that shift the focus of respect.
Explanation

Core Honorific Structures

The core of N2-level Keigo involves replacing standard verbs with specific honorific or humble equivalents.

SubjectHonorific VerbHumble Verb
Honorific verbs (Sonkeigo) are used to describe the actions of someone you respect, such as a customer or superior. Humble verbs (Kenjougo) are used when you describe your own actions or the actions of your company, effectively lowering yourself to show respect to the listener.

Watch out

Do not mix honorific and humble forms for the same person. If you use a humble form for a client, you are accidentally lowering their status, which is considered very rude.
Examples

Examples in Practice

Observe how the verb changes based on who is performing the action.

お客様(おきゃくさま)資料(しりょう)ご覧になります(ごらんになります)

The customer will look at the document.

お客様おきゃくさまcustomer資料しりょうdocumentご覧になりますごらんになりますto look at (honorific)

(わたし)が資料を拝見いたします(はいけんいたします)

I will look at the document (humble).

わたしI拝見いたしますはいけんいたしますto look at (humble)

部長が会議室に【いらっしゃいます】。

Hint: Honorific form of 'to come' (kuru)

The department manager is coming to the meeting room.

Usage

Register and Nuance

Understanding when to apply these forms is as important as the grammar itself.

These forms are strictly for external business communication or addressing high-ranking superiors. Using them with friends or family will make you sound distant and cold.

Which sentence is appropriate when speaking to a client about your own schedule?

  • 明日、伺います。
  • 明日、行きます。

伺います (ukagaimasu) is the humble form of 'to go/visit', which is required when speaking to a client.

Deep dive

Advanced Honorifics

Some verbs have unique forms that do not follow standard patterns.

Special Verb Pairs

Verbs like 'to eat' (taberu) become 'meshiagaru' (honorific) and 'itadaku' (humble). 'To know' (shiru) becomes 'gozonji desu' (honorific) and 'zonjite orimasu' (humble). These must be memorized as they are irregular.
Summary

Lesson Recap

Keigo is about managing the social distance between speakers. By using honorifics for others and humble forms for yourself, you demonstrate professionalism and respect.

ご覧になる
ごらんになるverb
to see (honorific)
拝見する
はいけんするverb
to see (humble)
いらっしゃる
いらっしゃるverb
to be/go/come (honorific)
伺う
うかがうverb
to go/visit (humble)

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