N3#keigo#sonkeigo#verbs#politeness

Honorifics Introduction Lesson 1

An introduction to Sonkeigo (respectful language) focusing on the special honorific verbs いらっしゃる and おっしゃる.

Context

Entering the World of Keigo

Imagine you are visiting a client's office or speaking with a professor. Using standard polite Japanese (desu/masu form) is good, but to show true respect, you need to use 'Sonkeigo' (respectful language).

In Japanese business and formal settings, we elevate the status of the person we are talking about. Instead of saying 'Are you going?' or 'What did you say?', we use special verbs that automatically convey high respect.
Assistant

ぶちょう、おきゃくさまがいらっしゃいました。

部長、お客様がいらっしゃいました。

Manager, a guest has arrived.

Explanation

Special Honorific Verbs

Some common verbs have unique 'honorific' versions. These replace the standard verb when you are talking about the actions of someone you respect.

Subject (Respectful)Honorific Verbます
The verb いらっしゃる is the honorific version of 行く (to go), 来る (to come), and いる (to be). It is used to describe the movement or presence of a superior.
The verb おっしゃる is the honorific version of 言う (to say). It is used to describe what a superior has said.

Watch out

Never use these verbs to describe your own actions! They are strictly for talking about others.
Examples

Examples in Context

See how these verbs transform standard sentences into respectful ones.

先生(せんせい)どちらいらっしゃいますか。

Where is the teacher?

先生せんせいteachertopic markerどちらどちらwhere (polite)atいらっしゃいますいらっしゃいますis (honorific)

社長(しゃちょう)そうおっしゃいました

The president said so.

社長しゃちょうcompany presidentsubject markerそうそうsoおっしゃいましたおっしゃいましたsaid (honorific)

明日(あした)東京(とうきょう)いらっしゃいますか。

Are you coming to Tokyo tomorrow?

明日あしたtomorrow東京とうきょうTokyotoいらっしゃいますいらっしゃいますcome (honorific)

先生が「また明日」と【おっしゃいました】。

Hint: Honorific for 'said' (past tense)

The teacher said 'See you tomorrow'.

Usage

Register and Nuance

These verbs are essential for professional settings, but they can sound overly formal in casual conversation.

Standard vs Honorific

言う

Standard

言いました

おっしゃる

Respectful

おっしゃいました

Which sentence is most appropriate when speaking to your boss about a client?

  • お客様が来ました。
  • お客様がいらっしゃいました。

いらっしゃいました is the correct honorific form for a guest's arrival.

Deep dive

Deep Dive: Conjugation

いらっしゃる and おっしゃる are group 1 verbs, but they have unique polite forms.

While they end in 'aru', they are irregular in their polite conjugation. Instead of 'irashaimasu', it is 'irasshaimasu'. Similarly, 'osshaimasu' is the polite form for 'ossharu'.
Summary

Summary

Mastering these two verbs is your first step into the world of Japanese honorifics. Remember: use them to elevate others, never yourself.

いらっしゃる
いらっしゃるverb
to be/go/come (honorific)
おっしゃる
おっしゃるverb
to say (honorific)
部長
ぶちょうnoun
department manager
お客様
おきゃくさまnoun
guest/customer

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