N3#honorifics#verbs#politeness#business-japanese

Honorifics Introduction Lesson 2

This lesson covers essential honorific verbs (sonkeigo) including いらっしゃる and おっしゃる, used to show respect to superiors.

Context

A Visit to the Office

Imagine you are at a client's office. You need to ask if the manager is present and confirm what they said during the meeting. Using standard polite forms might sound a bit blunt or informal in this high-stakes business environment.

In Japanese, when speaking about someone of higher status, we use Sonkeigo (respectful language). Instead of saying 'Are you here?' or 'What did you say?', we use special verbs that elevate the listener's status. This makes your speech sound professional and respectful.
Explanation

Special Honorific Verbs

Some common verbs have completely different forms when used in honorific speech. Today we focus on two of the most frequent ones.

いらっしゃるおっしゃる
Use いらっしゃる as the honorific version of いる (to be), 行く (to go), and 来る (to come). Use おっしゃる as the honorific version of 言う (to say). These verbs are used when the subject of the sentence is someone you respect, such as a client, boss, or teacher.

Watch out

Never use these verbs to describe your own actions. They are strictly for elevating the actions of others.
Examples

Examples in Context

Observe how these verbs replace standard verbs to show respect.

部長(ぶちょう)いらっしゃいますか。

Is the manager here?

部長ぶちょうmanagerいらっしゃいますいらっしゃいますis (honorific)

先生(せんせい)がそうおっしゃいました

The teacher said so.

先生せんせいteacherおっしゃいましたおっしゃいましたsaid (honorific)

明日(あした)いらっしゃいますか。

Will you be coming tomorrow?

明日あしたtomorrowいらっしゃいますいらっしゃいますcome (honorific)

Which verb is the correct honorific for 'to say'?

  • いる
  • いらっしゃる
  • 言う
  • おっしゃる

おっしゃる is the honorific form of 言う (to say).

Usage

Register and Nuance

Honorifics are essential for maintaining proper social distance in professional settings.

Standard vs Honorific

言う

Neutral

言いました

おっしゃる

Respectful

おっしゃいました

When should you use 'いらっしゃる'?

  • When talking about your own plans
  • When talking about a superior's actions
  • When talking to a close friend

Honorifics are used to show respect to someone of higher status, not for yourself or peers.

Deep dive

Conjugation Patterns

These verbs follow the standard polite conjugation rules for group 1 verbs.

Even though they are special honorifics, they conjugate like regular -u verbs. For example, いらっしゃる becomes いらっしゃいます (polite) or いらっしゃった (past). Note that おっしゃる conjugates as おっしゃいます, not おっしゃります.
Summary

Summary

Using honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and おっしゃる is a key skill for N3-level Japanese, helping you navigate professional and formal interactions with grace.

いらっしゃる
いらっしゃるverb
to be/go/come (honorific)
おっしゃる
おっしゃるverb
to say (honorific)
部長
ぶちょうnoun
manager/department head
先生
せんせいnoun
teacher/professor

Practice this grammar interactively

Read the explanation above for free, then study it with quizzes, audio, and spaced repetition in the yomion app.

Open in the app