N3#keigo#honorifics#verbs#politeness

Honorifics Introduction Lesson 3

Mastering the special honorific verbs いらっしゃる and おっしゃる to speak politely about others.

Context

A Day at the Office

Imagine you are at a business meeting. Your boss asks you about a client's arrival time or what they said during the presentation. If you use standard verbs like 来る (to come) or 言う (to say), it might sound blunt or disrespectful to the client.

In Japanese business culture, we use Sonkeigo (respectful language) to elevate the status of the person we are talking about. Using special verbs like いらっしゃる and おっしゃる shows that you hold the other person in high regard.
Explanation

Special Honorific Verbs

Some common verbs have irregular honorific forms. These are used when the subject of the sentence is someone you respect (like a client, teacher, or superior).

SubjectHonorific Verb
いらっしゃる is the respectful version of 来る (to come), 行く (to go), and いる (to be). It replaces these verbs to show respect. おっしゃる is the respectful version of 言う (to say).

Watch out

Never use these verbs for yourself or members of your own group (like your own company's employees). They are strictly for people outside your group or those you are showing high respect toward.
Examples

Seeing Honorifics in Action

Notice how these verbs replace standard ones to create a polite atmosphere.

社長(しゃちょう)もういらっしゃいました

The president has already arrived.

社長しゃちょうpresidenttopic markerもうもうalreadyいらっしゃいましたいらっしゃいましたarrived (polite)

先生(せんせい)(なん)おっしゃいましたか。

What did the teacher say?

先生せんせいteachertopic markerなんwhatquotation particleおっしゃいましたおっしゃいましたsaid (polite)

お客様が【いらっしゃいます】。

Hint: The honorific form of 'to come/be'.

The guest is here (arrived).

Usage

Register and Nuance

These verbs are essential for N3-level business communication. They are significantly more polite than standard polite forms (desu/masu).

Standard vs. Honorific

言います

Standard polite

先生が言いました

おっしゃいます

Respectful honorific

先生がおっしゃいました

Which sentence is appropriate when speaking to a client about their boss?

  • 社長が来ます。
  • 社長がいらっしゃいます。

いらっしゃいます is the correct honorific verb for 'to come' when referring to someone you respect.

Deep dive

Advanced Usage

A few extra details for those interested in mastering the nuance.

Conjugation rules

いらっしゃる and おっしゃる are group 1 verbs (u-verbs), but they follow special conjugation rules in the masu-stem. Instead of いらしゃります, they become いらっしゃいます and おっしゃいます. This is a common point of confusion for learners.
Summary

Lesson Summary

Using いらっしゃる and おっしゃる allows you to show proper respect in professional or formal settings. Remember to use them only for others, never for yourself.

いらっしゃる
いらっしゃるverb
to come/go/be (respectful)
おっしゃる
おっしゃるverb
to say (respectful)
社長
しゃちょうnoun
company president
お客様
おきゃくさまnoun
guest/customer

Practice this grammar interactively

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