N3#honorifics#keigo#verbs#business-japanese

Honorifics Introduction Lesson 5

Mastering the special honorific verbs いらっしゃる and おっしゃる to elevate your Japanese business communication.

Context

Meeting a Client

Imagine you are at a business meeting. Your boss asks a client, 'What did you say?' or 'Are you going to the office tomorrow?' If you use standard polite forms like 行きます (ikimasu) or 言います (iimasu), you might sound slightly blunt or unprofessional to a high-ranking client.

In Japanese business settings, we use Sonkeigo (respectful language) to elevate the status of the person we are speaking to. Today, we will look at two essential verbs that replace standard verbs to show deep respect: いらっしゃる (to go/come/be) and おっしゃる (to say).
Explanation

The Grammar of Respect

These verbs are 'special' because they do not follow the standard conjugation rules for creating honorifics (like お〜になる). They are irregular and must be memorized as complete units.

Subject (Superior)いらっしゃる / おっしゃる
いらっしゃる (irassharu) is the respectful equivalent of 行く (to go), 来る (to come), and いる (to be). It is used when the person performing the action is someone you respect. おっしゃる (ossharu) is the respectful equivalent of 言う (to say).

Watch out

Never use these verbs to describe your own actions! These are strictly for the actions of others (superiors, clients, or teachers). Using them for yourself sounds arrogant or confusing.
Examples

Seeing it in Action

Observe how these verbs replace the standard forms to create a polite atmosphere.

社長(しゃちょう)明日(あした)会社(かいしゃ)いらっしゃいますか。

Will the president be at the office tomorrow?

社長しゃちょうpresident明日あしたtomorrow会社かいしゃcompanyいらっしゃいますいらっしゃいますbe (honorific)

先生(せんせい)そうおっしゃいました

The teacher said so.

先生せんせいteacherそうそうsoおっしゃいましたおっしゃいましたsaid (honorific)

どちらいらっしゃいますか。

Where are you going?

どちらどちらwhere (polite)いらっしゃいますいらっしゃいますgoing (honorific)

お客様が「また来ます」と【おっしゃいました】。

Hint: The honorific form of 'said' (past tense).

The customer said, 'I will come again.'

Usage

Register and Nuance

These verbs are essential in formal business environments. Using them shows you are well-trained in Japanese etiquette.

Standard vs. Honorific

言います

Standard polite (Desu/Masu)

おっしゃいます

Respectful (Sonkeigo)

Which sentence is appropriate when speaking to a client?

  • 田中部長がそう言いました。
  • 田中部長がそうおっしゃいました。

おっしゃいました is the correct honorific form for a superior's action.

Deep dive

Conjugation Patterns

Since these are special verbs, keep an eye on their conjugation patterns.

Conjugation Table

Both verbs follow the Group 1 (u-verb) conjugation pattern, but they are irregular in their polite forms. For example, the masu-stem of おっしゃる is おっしゃり, but the polite form is おっしゃいます.
Summary

Lesson Recap

In this lesson, we introduced two crucial honorific verbs. Use いらっしゃる for 'to go/come/be' and おっしゃる for 'to say' when referring to the actions of someone you respect. Always remember to use these only for others, never for yourself.

いらっしゃる
いらっしゃるverb
to go/come/be (honorific)
おっしゃる
おっしゃるverb
to say (honorific)
社長
しゃちょうnoun
company president
お客様
おきゃくさまnoun
customer/guest

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