Giving & Receiving Lesson 1
An introduction to the Japanese verbs of giving and receiving: あげる, くれる, and もらう.
Who gets what?
In Japanese, the verb you use to describe giving or receiving depends heavily on who is doing the action and who is receiving it. Unlike English, where 'give' works in almost every situation, Japanese requires you to consider your relationship with the other person.
The Core Verbs
These three verbs describe the flow of an object or favor between people.
- あげる (ageru): Used when you give something to someone else. The direction is away from you.
- くれる (kureru): Used when someone gives something to you (or someone in your 'in-group'). The direction is toward you.
- もらう (morau): Used when you receive something from someone. The focus is on the receiver.
Tip
Seeing it in action
Here is how these verbs look in simple sentences.
私は友達にプレゼントをあげました。
I gave a present to my friend.
先生が私に本をくれました。
The teacher gave me a book.
私は母に花をもらいました。
I received flowers from my mother.
Which verb should you use if your friend gives YOU a gift?
- あげる
- ✓ くれる
- もらう (if you want to focus on the act of receiving)
When someone gives something to you, くれる is the most natural choice to describe the action from their perspective toward you.
Nuance and Perspective
Choosing the right verb depends on who is the 'center' of the action.
Perspective
あげる
Focus on the giver (giving away)
I give to you.
くれる
Focus on the receiver (receiving from another)
You give to me.
もらう
Focus on the receiver (receiving)
I receive from you.
Which verb implies the favor is coming toward you?
- あげる
- ✓ くれる
くれる indicates the action is directed toward the speaker or their in-group.
Deep Dive: In-group vs Out-group
The use of くれる is not limited to just 'me'.
Summary
Mastering these three verbs is essential for expressing gratitude and describing social interactions in Japanese.