N4#verbs#past-tense#tari-form#grammar

Past & Experience Lesson 4

Master the たり〜たり construction to describe representative actions and summarize experiences.

Context

What did you do this weekend?

When someone asks about your weekend, you rarely do just one thing. You might go shopping, eat at a cafe, and watch a movie. In Japanese, listing every single action with 'and' (〜て, 〜て) can sound repetitive.

To sound more natural, we use a specific pattern to pick out a few representative actions from a longer list. This shows that your weekend was varied and keeps your speech flowing smoothly.
Explanation

The たり〜たり construction

The たり〜たり form is used to list representative actions. It implies that you did these things, among others, and doesn't necessarily mean the actions happened in that specific order.

[Verb-た][Verb-た]します
To form this, take the verb in its past 'ta-form' and add 'り'. You must end the sentence with 'します' (or 'しました' for past tense). Even if you only list two actions, you must include the 'り' after both.

Tip

Remember: Always add 'します' at the end. Without it, the sentence is incomplete.
Examples

Seeing it in action

Here are examples of how to use this pattern to describe your activities.

日曜日(にちようび)(ほん)読んだり(よんだり)映画(えいが)見たり(みたり)しました。

On Sunday, I read books, watched movies, and did other things.

日曜日にちようびSundayほんbook読んだりよんだりread (and others)映画えいがmovie見たりみたりwatched (and others)

昨日は買い物【をしたり】、掃除【をしたり】しました。

Hint: You need to turn the nouns into verbs using 'suru' before adding 'tari'.

Yesterday, I did things like shopping and cleaning.

Usage

Nuance and Usage

The たり〜たり form is specifically for actions. Do not use it to list nouns.

Actions vs Nouns

〜たり〜たり

Used for verbs/actions.

食べたり飲んだり

〜や〜など

Used for nouns.

リンゴやバナナなど

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

  • 本たり、映画たりしました。
  • 本を読んだり、映画を見たりしました。

たり〜たり is for verbs. You must use the verb form (e.g., 読んだり) rather than just the noun.

Deep dive

Advanced usage

You can also use this for states or adjectives.

Using with adjectives

You can use the same structure with i-adjectives by using the 'kattari' form. For example: '天気は良かったり悪かったりです' (The weather is sometimes good, sometimes bad).
Summary

Lesson Summary

The たり〜たり construction is an essential tool for describing a variety of activities without listing every single detail. It makes your Japanese sound more natural and descriptive.

読んだり
よんだりverb
read (and others)
見たり
みたりverb
watched (and others)
したり
したりverb
did (and others)
掃除
そうじnoun
cleaning

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