N4#grammar#verbs#tari-form#n4

Past & Experience Lesson 6

Mastering the たり〜たり (tari-tari) construction to list representative actions and experiences.

Context

Weekend Plans

When someone asks you what you did over the weekend, you rarely do just one thing. You might have gone shopping, watched a movie, or cleaned your room. In Japanese, if you want to list a few examples of what you did without implying that it was an exhaustive list, you use a specific structure.

Imagine your friend asks: 'What did you do on Saturday?' Instead of listing every single thing, you want to highlight a couple of representative activities. This lesson teaches you how to group those actions naturally.
Explanation

The たり〜たり Structure

The たり (tari) form is used to list actions. It implies that these are just some examples of what happened, not a complete list.

Verb (た-form)Verb (た-form)します
To form this, take the verb in its past 'た-form' and add り (ri). You do this for each action you want to list, and then finish the sentence with します (shimasu) or the appropriate tense/politeness level of 'to do'.

Tip

Always remember to add the final します (or した/する) at the end of the sentence to complete the structure.
Examples

Examples

Here are common ways to use the たり〜たり structure in daily conversation.

週末(しゅうまつ)(ほん)読んだり(よんだり)映画(えいが)見たり(みたり)しました。

On the weekend, I read books, watched movies, and so on.

週末しゅうまつweekendほんbook読んだりよんだりread (and other things)映画えいがmovie見たりみたりwatched (and other things)

Choose the correct completion: 昨日は買い物に行ったり、料理を___。

  • 作ったりしました
  • 作ります
  • 作った
  • 作ったり

The structure requires the final verb to be in the correct tense and politeness level, usually ending with します or した.

Usage

Nuance and Usage

The たり〜たり form is specifically for representative actions. It suggests that there might have been other things you did, but you are only mentioning these as examples.

List vs. Sequence

〜て、〜て

Sequential order (first A, then B)

食べて、寝ました

〜たり、〜たり

Representative list (A, B, etc.)

食べたり、寝たりしました

Which sentence implies a specific sequence of events?

  • 本を読んだり、映画を見たりしました
  • 本を読んで、映画を見ました

The 'te-form' (読んで) indicates a sequence, whereas 'tari' indicates a non-sequential list of examples.

Deep dive

Advanced Usage

You can also use たり〜たり with adjectives or even nouns in more advanced contexts.

Using with Adjectives

You can use it with i-adjectives by adding かったり. For example: 天気が良かったり、悪かったりします (The weather is sometimes good, sometimes bad).
Summary

Summary

The たり〜たり form is an essential tool for listing representative actions. By taking the past 'た-form' of a verb and adding 'り', you can create natural-sounding lists of activities without needing to be exhaustive.

週末
しゅうまつnoun
weekend
映画
えいがnoun
movie
読んだり
よんだりverb
read (as an example)
見たり
みたりverb
watched (as an example)

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