N4#verbs#past-tense#experience#grammar

Past & Experience Lesson 7

Master the usage of 〜たことがある to express life experiences and the 〜たり〜たり form to list representative actions.

Context

Sharing Experiences

When meeting new people in Japan, you often talk about your past experiences, such as places you have visited or unique things you have tried. You might also want to describe your weekend by mentioning several things you did, rather than just one.

In this lesson, we will learn how to talk about things you have done in the past (experience) and how to list multiple actions to describe a period of time.
Explanation

Experience and Lists

We use the 'ta-form' of verbs to express past experiences and to create lists of actions.

Verb-たことがある
The structure 〜たことがある is used to say 'I have had the experience of doing...'. It is used for life experiences, not just things you did yesterday.
Verb-たり、Verb-たする
The 〜たり〜たりする form is used to list representative actions. It implies that you did these things and perhaps others, rather than providing an exhaustive list.

Tip

Remember that the final 'suru' in the 'tari' form must be conjugated to match the tense of your sentence (e.g., した for past, します for polite present).
Examples

Seeing it in Action

Here are examples of how to use these structures in daily conversation.

日本(にほん)行った(いった)ことあります

I have been to Japan.

日本にほんJapan行ったいったwent (ta-form)ことことthing/experienceありますありますexists

昨日(きのう)は本を読んだり(よんだり)映画(えいが)見たり(みたり)しました。

Yesterday, I did things like reading a book and watching a movie.

昨日きのうyesterday読んだりよんだりreading (and other things)映画えいがmovie見たりみたりwatching (and other things)

寿司を【食べた】ことがありますか。

Hint: ta-form of 食べる

Have you ever eaten sushi?

Usage

Nuance and Usage

Understanding when to use these patterns helps you sound more natural.

Experience vs. Simple Past

〜たことがある

Used for life experience (e.g., I have climbed Mt. Fuji once in my life).

〜た

Used for a specific completed action (e.g., I climbed Mt. Fuji last summer).

Which sentence correctly describes a weekend of varied activities?

  • 本を読みました、映画を見ました。
  • 本を読んだり、映画を見たりしました。

The 'tari' form is specifically designed to list representative actions, implying a variety of activities.

Deep dive

Advanced Notes

A few extra details for the curious learner.

For the 'tari' form, you can also include adjectives or nouns if you use 'dattari'. For example: '天気がよかったり、悪かったりしました' (The weather was good, bad, and so on).
When using '〜たことがある', you can add words like '一度' (once) or '二度' (twice) before the verb to specify frequency.
Summary

Lesson Summary

In this lesson, you learned that '〜たことがある' expresses life experience, while '〜たり〜たりする' lists representative actions. Both rely on the 'ta-form' of verbs.

経験
けいけんnoun
experience
一度
いちどnoun
once
映画
えいがnoun
movie
読んだ
よんだverb
read (past)

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